It has a wide range of clinical manifestations and can range from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to liver failure and death. One of the main routes of hepatitis B virus transmission is mother to child transmission, which has decreased in recent years with the implementation of immunization methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in immunized infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B.

In this study, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and IranDoc databases were searched and articles and studies related to the title were reviewed from 2002 to 2024.

A total of 40 studies were included in the present study based on the desired criteria, among which OBI patients were reported from 0.04 to 5.4% in blood donors. Meanwhile, the prevalence of HBV infection has been reported from 7.5 to 42% in infants born to HBsAg positive mothers, despite vaccination and receiving antiviral prophylaxis.

According to the studies reviewed in the present study, the prevalence of OBI in children born to CHB or HBsAg positive mothers in Iran ranges from 3.1% to 21% despite prophylaxis, HBV vaccination, and passive immunization (IVIG) in newborns, and this rate has been reported worldwide from 6.4% to 42% in different societies. One of the main routes of hepatitis B virus transmission is mother-to-fetus transmission, which in recent years has been emphasized by some on the positive effect of vaccine and passive immunization, while others do not consider its effect significant. Further studies in different populations seem necessary to achieve a conclusive result and guide health policy makers.