Introduction:Capsule endoscopy has opened a new era in the gastrointestinal examination. In 2014, given imaging developed an esophageal video capsule (PillCam ESO) as a noninvasive method for diagnosis of the esophageal lesion. Esophageal varices (EV) is one of the most fatal complications of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) now is the gold standard method for screening and diagnosis of esophageal varices. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) for screening and diagnosis of EV against the conventional method. Method: This review article was carried out by searching for studies in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library (from inception to Mar 2018), by using the search terms “Esophageal capsule endoscopy” “Esophageal varices” “Capsule endoscopy” and “Esophagogastroduodenoscopy”. The search was limited to articles published in English. In this review, 58 articles that are associated with the subject, were found and of these, 30 articles were applied. Result: Esophageal capsule endoscopy is well tolerated, safe and preferred by patients compared with EGD. Capsule endoscopy can reduce costs and increase compliance and it seems that sensitivity is acceptable in detecting esophageal varice. The role of ECE remains limited because this method lacks any potential therapeutic intervention and the results showed that the accuracy of EGD was higher versus ECE. Conclusion:This review showed that ECE is a sensitive method for diagnosing esophageal varices that needs endoscopic and pharmacological therapy, however, cannot be recommended to replace EGD.ECE more suitable in cases of refusal or contraindication to EGD. Keywords:Esophageal capsule endoscopy, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Esophageal varices, diagnosis.