Patients involved by inflammatory bowel disease are prone to some malignancies such as large intestine and hepatobiliary and hematological malignancies like leukemia. Etiology of these complications is not clearly identified.

A 22-year-old patient was presented several years ago with Pancolitis type of ulcerative colitis was admitted to the gastroenterology unit because of flare up of ulcerative colitis associated with unexplained and marked uninpretable leukocytosis. Medical prescription of the patient was mesalazine and ulcerative colitis was in remission for several years. Laboratory evaluation showed chronic myelogenous leukemia at the early stage. Laboratory evaluation results are reported below: HB=11g/dl, WBC=36,000/MM, Platelets=35,000/MM Peripheral blood smear revealed increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a clonal bone marrow stem cell abnormality in which a proliferation of mature granulocytes and their precursors is found. It is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation. Routine WBC test shows elevated leukocytes Confirmed with bone marrow biopsy that shows presence of Philadelphia Chromosome. Peripheral blood smear revealed mature and immature WBC and the characteristic “bone marrow appearance”. In this case Philadelphia chromosome was positive the patient was started on no treatment and is currently been followed up as outpatient and she is in a stable state.

This is the first case of ulcerative colitis associated with Chronic myeloid leukemia in our record of till to several years follow up of IBD patients Hematological malignancies have several types of leukemia and have been reported in patients with ulcerative colitis including chronic and acute myelocytic leukemia, chronic and acute lymphoblastic leukemia and rarely acute promyelocytic leukemia.