Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a multifactorial etiology. Among environmental risk factors, antibiotic exposure has attracted growing attention due to its potential to alter the gut microbiota, thereby modulating immune responses and triggering intestinal inflammation. Amoxicillin, one of the most widely prescribed β-lactam antibiotics, is frequently used for respiratory, urinary, and dental infections, yet its possible contribution to IBD risk remains underexplored.