Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are two severe infectious diseases with a high global health impact. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study through immunological and molecular methods.

The blood samples were obtained from 10520 enrolled participants. Complete biochemical and hematological assessments plus urine analysis were done. The presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV antibodies for all participants and HBeAg and anti-HBe antibody for HBV positive patients were evaluated. HBV genomic DNA and HCV genomic RNA were extracted from positive serum samples. The real-time PCR assay was done to quantify HBV and HCV genomes. HCV genotyping was also performed.

The HBV and HCV prevalence was 0.24% (95% CI, 0.16 % to 0.35%) and 0.11% (95% CI, 0.06 % to 0.19%), respectively. Rural participants were significantly more HBV positive than urban peoples (P=0.045) while male individuals were significantly more HCV positive than female participants (P=0.013).

Our detected HBV and HCV prevalence were lower than other cities/provinces of Iran, which may be due to lifestyle or other unknown reasons.