Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with a notably poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify clinical and demographic predictors of survival among patients with pancreatic cancer in Guilan Province, Iran

In this cross-sectional study, 50 patients with histologically and radiologically confirmed pancreatic cancer from Guilan province were included. Demographic and clinical data of patients were collected. Survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to identify factors associated with survival using SPSS and GraphPad Prism by considering a significant level <0.05

The majority of patients were over 60 years old (58.0%), male (60.0%), normal BMI (46.0%), blood group O (40.0%), with comorbidities (42.0%), and had tumor stages IV (32.0%). The mean survival time was 6.39 months, and median survival was 9.0 months. One-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 45.2%, 31.3%, and 23.5%, respectively. Advanced disease stage (III/IV) was significantly associated with reduced survival (P<0.001). Underweight patients had a significantly higher risk of death than those with normal BMI (HR=2.79, 95% CI: 1.21–6.42, P=0.016). In multivariate analysis, male gender (HR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.26–2.79, P=0.016), blood group O (HR=2.86, 95% CI: 1.10–7.42, P=0.031), and stage III/IV disease (HR=3.32, 95% CI: 1.16–9.46, P=0.025) were independent predictors of increased mortality

Due to our findings, advanced tumor stage, male gender, underweight BMI, and blood group O were associated with decreased survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. These findings may inform risk stratification and management strategies for affected individuals.