Abstract Background and Aim Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant columnar metaplasia of the esophagus that predisposes victims to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Depending on differences in the study population and risk factors, the prevalence of BE may vary, from 0.4 to 20% globally. The current study aimed at the prevalence of BE in Iran by combining the data from all research that evaluated the condition. Methods A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE as well as some domestic databases including SID and Magiran from inception to the end of 2023. We included all cross-sectional studies which reported the prevalence of BE and calculated pooled prevalence. Results Including seven studies in a total of 3461 cases (162 diagnoses of BE) revealed that the prevalence of Barret's esophagus is 4% [I2= 95.6% [93.1%; 97.3%]/ Tau2= 0.0012 [0.0004; 0.0063]/Q=137.45/ p-value <0.0001]. Conclusion The epidemiology of BE in Iran is not completely identified. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the prevalence and of BE in Iran. Due to the importance of BE in progressing to esophageal adenocarcinoma, much importance should be given to its timely diagnosis. It is strongly recommended to conduct more comprehensive studies including more patients in this field. Key words: Barrett 's esophagus; prevalence; columnar metaplasia; Iran; systematic review