Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a malignant disease that usually affects the end of the esophagus and has certain risk factors such as reflux, smoking, and obesity. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is more common in men than women worldwide. (1, 2) Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the role of sex hormones in cancer, including cell proliferation and differentiation, change of cellular metabolism, and inflammation and apoptosis (5, 6). Therefore, in this study, the authors aimed to investigate the relationship between sex hormone levels and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma

In the study, we recruited 50 male patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (case group) and 50 healthy males (control group) that were matched considering age. And the associated factors for Barrett’s esophageal were evaluated. Mean levels of sex hormones, were compared using blood sampling in patients in the two groups.

The levels of free testosterone, estradiol, free testosterone to estradiol ratio, progesterone, prolactin, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) got measured. The difference between mean levels of free testosterone, estradiol, testosterone to estradiol ratio, LH, and FSH of the case group compare to the control group turned out to be significantly lower. Mean level of DHEA-S level didn’t meaningfully differ in two groups

This study showed that the loss of estrogen and testosterone balance may has an affect on esophageal adenocarcinoma