Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales. The prevalence of the HCMV infection is 50%-80% in the general population and the infection occurs in most healthy carriers without any significant clinical symptoms. HCMV causes a lifelong latent infection which could be reactivated in repose to immune disorders and inflammation. The HCMV infection reactivation becomes more important when it coincides with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis in IBD patients was initially diagnosed several years ago, however, the role of CMV in the induction of flare and acute severe colitis, resistance to treatment, other outcomes of CMV reactivation in IBD patients remained a subject of considerable debate. Besides, an update was required to shed light on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis tests, histology, and indications for antiviral treatment and the use of immunosuppressants for IBD patients with CMV colitis. Accordingly, we provided a review based on updated data and addressed new points related to the diagnosis and treatment of CMV colitis in IBD patients. Also, indication/contraindication for drugs used for the patients was reviewed. We suggest that the prescription of the drugs to these patients should be performed based on an individualized and detailed assessment regarding the phase of the disease and the severity of colitis. In addition, follow-up of patients is recommended considering the side effects of drugs, which can lead to the success of treatment and reduce the risk of colectomy. Keywords: Cytomegalovirus infection, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, CMV-associated colitis, treatment, Inflammation