Colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) together are the second and fourth most typical cancer in Iranian women and men respectively. About 30% of colorectal cancers are found in the rectum. CRC survival differences have long existed among different regions of the globe. To drive change, researchers, clinicians, etc. Seek to elucidate cancer survival differences between countries. Due to the differences in clinical presentations, incidence, expansion patterns, treatment outcome, and survival rates between CC and RC, it's been suggested that RC be reported separately. Therefore, this study aimed to see the survival rate and factors affecting it in rectal cancer patients employing a retrospective cohort.

The data in 593 cases of Rectal Cancer from 2007 to 2017 were collected retrospectively. We used the clinical TNM stage by the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Survival rates were calculated and analyzed by non-parametric Kaplan–Meier and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. P-value <0.05 was Statistical significance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 software.

The study evaluated 593 rectal cancer patients, 57.3% males, median age at diagnosis 59±14.26 years, the foremost frequent stage, localized, Surgery common treatment modality (78.6%). 44.4% underwent neoadjuvant therapy. Overall survival rates within the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th years were 85%, 59%, 47%and 36% respectively. The results of univariate analysis suggested age, education, occupation, surgery, residence, and stage were positive prognostic factors (P < 0.05). The gender, smoker, DM, and tumor grade did not have any significant effects on the survival rate of patients.

The prognosis of rectal cancer within the study area is extremely poor, therefore, early detection can improve survival in such patients.